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Case Study: Content Recommendation System Design

End-to-end design of a large-scale video/content recommendation system — the pattern behind YouTube, Netflix, and TikTok. Covers scoping and metric selection, two-tower retrieval architecture, deep ranking with multi-objective optimization, cold-start handling, and the full evaluation + feedback loop. Grounded in Khang Pham's video recommendation case study.

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📚 Prerequisites(3)

🎓 Learning objectives

  • Scope a content recommendation system: define the problem, scale assumptions, and success metrics before touching model design
  • Explain why watch time or long-term engagement is a better optimization target than raw click-through rate for video recommendation
  • Design the two-stage retrieval-then-ranking pipeline and explain the role of each stage at the scale of millions of items
  • Describe the cold-start problem for both new users and new content, and explain at least two mitigation strategies for each
  • Identify the key feature categories used in a video ranking model and explain why cross-features between user and item matter
  • Explain the filter bubble problem and describe how diversity and exploration mechanisms counteract it
  • Design an A/B testing framework for a recommendation system, including what metrics to track and for how long

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📂 Subtopics

Related concepts

two-tower modelcandidate generationlearning-to-rankcollaborative filteringcontent-based filteringcold startposition biasmulti-task learningFAISSANN retrievalfeature storeA/B testingwatch time optimizationfilter bubbleexploration-exploitationrecommendation-system-components

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