advancedConcurrency — Optimistic & Pessimistic Locking, MVCC

When would you choose pessimistic locking over optimistic locking?

When contention is high and a lost update or a retry storm under load would be genuinely unacceptable — for example, decrementing the last few units of inventory during a flash sale, where many concurrent buyers targeting the same rows would cause excessive optimistic-lock retries. Pessimistic locking makes conflicting transactions wait instead, guaranteeing no conflict happens at all.

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