advancedVirtual Threads & GraalVM
How do Virtual Threads interact with @Transactional and connection pools?
Each virtual thread holding a DB connection for a transaction's duration still consumes a real pooled connection — with thousands of concurrent virtual threads, HikariCP pool exhaustion can become the new bottleneck even though threads themselves are cheap, so pool sizing and keeping transactions short (@Transactional(readOnly=true) where possible) still matter.
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