advancedReal System Design Problems22 of 132

Design a Live Video Streaming platform (like Twitch) — low-latency ingest and fan-out to millions.

The ingest-transcode-and-low-latency-delivery problem: how a live stream is ingested from a broadcaster, transcoded into multiple quality levels in near-real-time (unlike YouTube's offline transcode pipeline), and delivered to potentially millions of concurrent viewers with only a few seconds of latency.

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Generate a complete, structured system design answer — requirements, capacity estimation, API design, architecture, database choice, scaling, caching, fault tolerance, security, trade-offs, and more, walked through the way a strong senior engineer would in a real interview.

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