Python Foundations

int, float, str, bool, None — Python type system

Core Python data structures with operations and time complexity

for loops, while loops, list comprehensions, generators

Functions as first-class citizens, functional programming paradigm

Reading/writing files, context managers, CSV, JSON handling

Classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism, encapsulation

Arrays, vectorized operations, broadcasting, linear algebra basics

DataFrames, Series, groupby, merge, read_csv, describe

Line plots, bar charts, histograms, pie charts, subplots

KDE plots, pair plots, box plots, heatmaps

Interactive visualizations, hover effects, web-ready charts

SMOTE, upsampling, downsampling, classification report, recall vs precision