How would you optimize a query joining 5 large tables that is taking 2 minutes?

Systematic approach: 1) EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, BUFFERS) — identify which join/node takes most time. 2) Fix index problems: ensure all JOIN ON columns have indexes (especially FK columns). 3) Check rows estimated vs actual: discrepancy > 10x → ANALYZE the tables; update statistics. 4) Check Hash Batches > 1 → hash join spilling to disk → SET LOCAL work_mem = '512MB'. 5) Join order: start from smallest f