Fixed-Size Chunking

~10 min read

Split text into uniform segments based on a pre-defined number of characters, words, or tokens, with overlap between consecutive chunks to reduce information loss at the boundaries.

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Key points

  • Splits text into uniform segments of a fixed size (characters, words, or tokens)
  • Overlap between consecutive chunks (e.g. 50 tokens repeated) softens — but doesn't eliminate — the boundary-cutting problem
  • Simplest strategy to implement, with no embeddings or LLM calls needed to determine boundaries
  • Uniform chunk sizes simplify batch processing and give predictable downstream compute/memory needs
  • Main weakness: routinely breaks sentences and ideas mid-thought, scattering one concept across two chunks