The Router: How the Model Decides Which Experts to Activate

~12 min read

A router — trained alongside the rest of the network — acts like a multi-class classifier producing softmax scores over experts, selecting the top-K highest-scoring experts for each token.

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Key points

  • The router acts like a multi-class classifier, producing softmax scores over all available experts for each token
  • The top-K highest-scoring experts are selected and actually run for that token
  • The router is trained alongside the rest of the network, not hand-designed or hardcoded
  • Router behavior emerges from training — the model learns which experts to route which tokens to, without explicit engineering
  • Because only selected experts get gradient updates for a given token, router and expert learning dynamics are tightly coupled — the source of the next subtopic's training challenges