Level 4 — Multi-Agent Pattern: A Manager Coordinates Sub-Agents

~12 min read

A manager agent coordinates multiple sub-agents, deciding the next step iteratively. The human lays out the hierarchy and roles up front; the LLM now controls the actual execution flow across multiple agents, not just a single tool call.

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Key points

  • A manager agent coordinates multiple sub-agents, deciding the next step iteratively rather than a human hardcoding the sequence
  • A human defines the hierarchy, roles, and available tools per sub-agent up front — the LLM controls the actual execution flow within that structure
  • This is a real step beyond single-agent tool calling — an entire multi-step, multi-agent process is orchestrated by the model itself
  • New complexity at this level: sub-agent failures, growing coordination overhead, and harder debugging across multiple LLM-driven decisions
  • Worth the complexity for tasks that genuinely decompose into distinct specialized roles, not as a default over simpler levels